What about the political character of the four caliphs, Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali?
Answer:
1. Abu Bakr looked soft, during his reign he made several policies that must be enforced. The government system is a democratic system that applies deliberation as an effective way of making decisions. Apart from deliberation as the prevailing system, Islam refers to 2 main references in all applicable laws and regulations, namely the Al-Qur'an and the Sunnah.
2. Umar bin Khattab seemed firm, during his leadership the political policy he carried out was a gradual expansion of the territory. The first thing that was done was to conquer Damascus as the capital of Syria which then expanded the territory in Egypt under the command of Amr bin Ash and Saad bin Waqash. So during the Caliphate of Umar bin Khattab, the power of Islam covered the entire Arabian Peninsula, Palestine, Syria and Egypt.
3. Uthman bin Affan looks generous, the principles of political economy in his government system are: Implementing a fair and honest political economy, not doing anything wrong, and determining the obligation of property to Muslims to be submitted to Baitul Mal (Tax).
4. Ali bin Abi Talib looks smart, during his 6 years of reign, he created a clean, authoritative and egalitarian government system mechanism, compiled tax laws, and periodically sent letters to governors and state officials. Talking about taxation and taxation, the policy that is enforced is that taxes taken never consider the position and degree of society. And taxes or jizyah paid by non-Muslims are still accepted as a guarantee of security.