In that century it is known to have achieved establishment. The Sufis of that period represented the golden age of Sufism in their ranks. One of the signs of the founding of Sufism in the 3rd and 4th centuries is the existence or emergence of the Sufi order in its earliest form. The tarekat that emerged at that time was the Tasfuriyah Order which was attributed to Abu Yazid Al-Bustami, the Hallajiyah Order dedicated to Mansur Al-Hallaj and others.
For mystical works at that time, the books that can still be found today are:
1. Al-Luma, written by Abu Nasr As-Sarraj At-Tusi (W.378 H), this book is quite large and fundamental in the study of Sufism.
2. Qut Al-Qutub, by Abu Talib Al-Makki (W. 386 H), He proved the validity of doctrine and practice in his book.
3. At - Ta'aruf Lil Mazhabi Ahl At - Tasawwuf, by Abu Bakar Al - Kalabazi.
Sufism figures in that period:
1. Abu Yazid Al - Bustami
His full name is Abu Yazid bin Isa ibn Syurusan Al - Bustami. Born
around 200 H / 814 AD in Bustam, northeastern part of Persia. And in
Bustam, he died in 261 H / 875 AD
Abu Yazid was a Sufi who
carried different teachings from previous figures. The teachings he
brought were opposed by many scholars of fiqh and kalam, which was the
reason he was in and out of prison. In the history of the development of
Sufism, Abu Yazid was the bearer of Al-Fana and Al-Baqo understanding
as well as the originator of the Al-Ittihad ideology.
2. Al - Hallaj
His full name is Abu Al - Muqis Al - Husain bin Mansur Al - Hallaj.
(244-309 H). He was a controversial figure in the history of Sufism and
eventually found his death on the gallows.
The theory of
Sufism developed by Al - Hallaj includes three main points, namely:
Hulul, Haqiqah Muhammadiyah and Wahdah Al - Adyan.
A. Hulul
Namely the assumption that God chose certain human bodies to be placed
in it. After the human qualities that were in his body were eliminated.
b. Haqiqah Muhammadiyah or Nur Muhammad
The view that the Prophet Muhammad SAW. has two forms. The first form is qodim and azali.
c. Wahdah Al - Adyan
All religions are basically one. Because all of them have the same
goal, namely acknowledging and worshiping Allah SWT. Ruler of the world,
god of all religions. The names of various religions are basically the
same.